💨 Pneumatics
Pneumatics Calculators
Compressed air: cylinder speed & force, air consumption, valve sizing, cushioning, leakage costs, Cv/Kv, moisture, hose flow, altitude effects and compressor sizing.
⚡ Quick answer
INDUGRID provides 17 free Pneumatics engineering calculators for professional use. Compressed air: cylinder speed & force, air consumption, valve sizing, cushioning, leakage costs, Cv/Kv, moisture, hose flow, altitude effects and compressor sizing.
Cylinder Speed (Double-Acting)
Calculate the theoretical extend/retract speed of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder from valve flow…
v [m/s] = Q_eff [nl/min] / (A [dm²] × 60 × 10)
Force — Double-Acting Cylinder
Calculate push (cap-end) and pull (rod-end) force of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder, including f…
F [N] = A [m²] × (P − ΔP_correction) [Pa] × (1 − friction%/100)
Force — Single-Acting Cylinder (Spring Return)
Calculate effective push force of a spring-return single-acting cylinder, accounting for spring retu…
F_eff [N] = A × (P − 0.4) × 100,000 × (1 − friction/100) − F_spring
Force — Rodless (Band/Cable) Cylinder
Calculate the effective force and speed of a rodless pneumatic cylinder. Rodless cylinders use a sli…
F_eff [N] = A × P_eff × (1 − friction/100) − F_band_tension
Air Consumption per Cycle
Calculate compressed air consumption per complete cycle (extend + retract) for double-acting cylinde…
Q_cycle [l free air] = (A_cap + A_rod) × stroke × (P_abs / P_atm)
Pressure Drop in Compressed Air Hoses
Calculate pressure drop and flow capacity of a compressed air hose using the Darcy-Weisbach equation…
ΔP [bar] = λ × (L/D) × (ρ × v²/2) / 100,000 [Darcy-Weisbach]
Compressor & Buffer Tank Sizing
Determine the required compressor capacity and buffer vessel volume for a pneumatic installation.…
V_tank [l] = Q_total [nl/min] × t_startup [min] × (P_work + 1) / ΔP × 1.05
Leakage Flow & Annual Cost
Calculate air loss and annual energy cost from a compressed air leak. Also calculates CO₂ equivalent…
Annual cost [€] = Flow [m³/h] × operating hours/year × price [€/m³]
Pressure Unit Converter
Convert pressure between all common units: bar, Pascal, PSI, torr, mmWC, kg/cm² and atmospheres.…
1 bar = 100,000 Pa = 14.5038 PSI = 750.062 torr = 10,000 mmWC = 1.01972 kg/cm²
Flow Coefficient Cv / Kv Converter
Convert pneumatic valve flow coefficients between Cv (US/UK), Kv (European m³/h), kv (l/min) and qn …
Kv = Cv × 0.865 | kv [l/min] = Cv × 14.3 | qn [nl/min] = Cv × 981.5
Temperature Converter
Convert temperature between °C, °F and Kelvin. Essential for all gas law calculations.…
K = °C + 273.15 | °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 | °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
Moisture & Condensate in Compressed Air
Calculate the amount of condensate water produced by a compressed air system per day, based on ambie…
W [g/kg] = Ps(T) × RH/100 / P_abs × 622 (Mollier diagram) | Condensate = (W_in − W_out) × m_air
Atmospheric Pressure & Compressor Capacity at Altitude
Calculate atmospheric pressure, air density and achievable compressor pressure at different altitude…
P(h) = P₀ × (1 − L×h/T₀)^(g×M/(R×L)) [Barometric formula — valid 0–11,000m]
Flow Normalisation (qnN)
Convert actual volumetric flow at operating conditions (pressure + temperature) to normalised flow a…
qnN = qN × (P + 1.01325) / 1.01325 × 293.15 / (T + 273.15)
Pneumatic Valve Sizing (Cv/Kv)
Calculate the required Cv/Kv flow coefficient for a pneumatic valve based on required flow, upstream…
Cv = Q / (963 × P1 × √(ΔP/P1)) for subcritical flow (ΔP/P1 < 0.53)
Cylinder End Cushioning
Calculate the kinetic energy and required cushioning force at end of stroke for a pneumatic cylinder…
E_kin = ½ × m_total × v² | F_cushion = E_kin / s_cushion
Venturi Vacuum Generator
Calculate suction force, vacuum level and compressed air consumption of venturi vacuum generators fo…
F_suction = A_cup x P_vacuum | Q_air = Cv x P_supply x k